Professional jobs die on the vine when the right product isn’t in the truck, on the shelf, or at the counter. Four wasted hours chasing a flushometer rebuild kit here, a thermostatic mixing valve there, and “green upgrade” jobs slip behind schedule and over budget. Add today’s push for low‑flow fixtures, heat pump water heaters, and ECM circulators, and you’ve got a tightrope: meet code, meet performance, and meet deadlines—without callbacks.
Two months ago, an apartment retrofit in the Southwest put that reality in sharp relief. We’ll get to that in a moment. First, understand this: sustainability upgrades aren’t just about saving water and kilowatts. Long-term reliability, code compliance, and correct system integration are what protect your margin. That’s why your supply partner matters as much as the fixture brand you spec.
Enter a contractor who could be any one of us nine jobs into a week, hands full, deadline tighter than a trap adapter: Mateo Krzyzanowski (38), owner of Sierra Peak Mechanical in Santa Fe, New Mexico. A master plumber and mechanical contractor, Mateo took on a 46‑unit retrofit—low‑flow faucets and showerheads, HET flushometers, and high‑efficiency recirculation upgrades. After two trips to a big box netted the wrong flushometer kits and a “universal” mixing valve that wasn’t ASSE 1070 compliant, he tried an online seller showing “in stock” that turned out to be a 10‑day fulfillment. With tenants complaining and water bills spiking, he needed a supply house that understood the whole system, not just the SKU.
This list shows how Plumbing Supply And More (PSAM) ensures low‑flow and high‑efficiency work the first time—for contractors, property managers, and capable DIY customers—without compromising comfort, pressure, or budget.
- Why inventory depth beats improvisation How proper sizing and code guidance prevent callbacks The value of integrated system solutions (plumbing + HVAC + hydronics) Why real-time stock and same-day shipping matter Where contractor-grade outlasts consumer-grade every time How pricing and pro accounts support sustainability ROI What documentation and warranty support mean on punch day
I’m Rick Callahan—PSAM’s in-house technical advisor. I’ve brazed copper on roofs at 104°F, specified domestic recirc systems in LEED projects, and chased nuisance mixing problems through entire wings of buildings. Here’s how we make low‑flow and high‑efficiency stick.
#1. Comprehensive Sustainability Inventory Depth - 20,000+ Professional Products from Plumbing Supplies to HVAC Equipment in Multi‑Warehouse Stock
A sustainable job goes sideways fast when a “low‑flow” part forces a system compromise. WaterSense fixtures must pair with pressure-balancing valves, recirc pumps must match actual loop volumes, and controls must talk to what’s installed in the risers.
At PSAM, our low‑flow and high‑efficiency coverage stretches across the whole mechanical room and out to the fixtures. You’ll find contractor-grade plumbing supplies, PEX plumbing system components, HVAC equipment, and hydronic heating essentials in one place—backed by real-time inventory so you know what’s actually shipping. From Bradford White high‑efficiency water heaters to Taco and Grundfos circulators, Navien and Rinnai condensing units, and Viega and ProPress connections that don’t blink under pressure cycling, PSAM inventories the products licensed trades use daily. This is not a “green aisle”—it’s the entire bill of materials for jobs that must run efficient and reliable for decades.
Mateo Krzyzanowski found exactly that: WaterSense-certified showerheads, HET flushometer valves, an ASSE 1070 TMV matched to his blend setpoint, and ECM recirc pumps—pulled and shipped the same day. No compromises, no substitutions.
Application-Fit Low‑Flow Fixtures
Picking a 1.2 GPM lav faucet or a 1.75 GPM showerhead isn’t enough if the building’s static pressure, riser layout, or existing valves aren’t compatible. PSAM stocks low‑flow fixtures that maintain laminar flow, anti‑splash performance, and stable temperature at realistic pressures—think 55‑70 PSI city mains and variable booster conditions. Pairing those fixtures with proper aerators, check valves, and pressure-compensating devices maintains user comfort while actually cutting gallons. We’ll call out WaterSense listings and body materials that resist dezincification in hard‑water markets.
High‑Efficiency Pumps and Heat Sources
ECM circulators that auto‑adapt to zone demand, condensing boilers that hold efficiency with low return temps, and heat pump water heaters that sip watts—PSAM carries the proven SKUs. We help you right‑size pumps to your actual head loss and loop length. Expect options like 3‑speed and delta‑P modes, flange kits, and union‑ready connections that speed install. We’ll advise on anti‑thermosiphon, check orientation, and return temperature targets to lock in efficiency.
Pipe, Valves, and Fittings That Last
A sustainable upgrade loses credibility if the fittings corrode out in five years. From copper tube and press fittings to PEX plumbing with oxygen barriers for radiant loops, we stock materials that hold up to chloramines, mineral content, and UV exposure. Our valves include low‑lead brass, stainless, and polymer options that match water chemistry and meet NSF/ANSI standards. That’s not optional for long‑term savings.
Bottom line: sustainable results demand full‑system inventory. PSAM has it—ready to ship.
#2. Licensed Technical Support and Code Compliance - ASSE 1017/1070, IPC/UPC Guidance, and Verified Performance Curves
Low‑flow isn’t a sticker—it’s design. Blending valves must be sized to flow, recirc lines need balancing, and fixtures must be compatible with distribution temperatures. Miss any one of those, and you get scald risk, tepid showers, or both.
PSAM’s licensed team provides actionable technical support: ASSE selection (1017, 1066, 1070), IPC/UPC guidance, and pump curve interpretation. We’ll size a recirc ECM pump to your loop, set target ΔT, and match an expansion tank to keep thermal relief valves quiet. Our techs have installed these systems and understand what field conditions do to “lab spec” claims. Instead of generic spec sheets, you’ll get compatibility notes, piping diagrams, and commissioning tips.
When Mateo called, we walked his three-riser domestic layout, identified a minimum flow for stable TMV performance, sized the return lines, and recommended a digital mixing station capped at 120°F with integral recirc. Result: zero scald incidents, stable shower temps, and tenant satisfaction.
TMV and Mixing Strategy That Matches Reality
Picking a valve by nominal size is how callbacks happen. We calculate peak and minimum blended flow, cold inlet swings, and valve Cv so your thermostatic mixing valve stays in its control band. We’ll flag when a master mixer (ASSE 1017) needs point-of-use 1070 protection and provide piping sketches that eliminate crossflow. Day one stability is the goal—day 1,000 stability is the standard.
Domestic Recirculation That Doesn’t Waste Energy
An ECM circulator with temperature-based control, smart balancing valves, and insulation makes domestic hot water both fast and frugal. We specify ΔT targets, return sensor placement, and anti‑gravity checks. For retrofits, we’ll outline under‑sink crossover options versus dedicated returns, noting electrical and code implications. Expect predictable wait times, not overheated returns.
Documentation That Clears Submittals
We package spec sheets, IOMs, pressure/flow curves, and compliance declarations—clean and complete. Whether you’re gunning for water savings credits or satisfying an inspector who wants to see ASSE and NSF marks, we make the paperwork effortless.
The takeaway: trusted guidance beats trial-and-error—and prevents costly callbacks.
#3. Complete System Solutions - From PEX Plumbing and Valves to Hydronic Heating, Expansion Tanks, and Controls
Sustainable performance comes from systems that are designed to work together, not a cart of mismatched parts. PSAM’s true advantage is integration: we stock and support complete solutions that tie fixtures, piping, pumps, and controls into one coherent plan.
Start with PEX plumbing for distribution efficiency, add pressure-compensating aerators, right-size an expansion tank to keep pressure stable, and drive the recirc with an ECM circulator paired to your target ΔT. In mixed‑use properties, we’ll coordinate with hydronic heating loops and domestic systems so returns stay cool, boilers condense, and distribution losses drop. Our system kits minimize site improvisation and keep installer errors to near zero.
On Mateo’s project, we shipped the entire hot water upgrade in a single pull: TMV kit with checks, isolation, and gauges; ECM pump with valves; expansion tank; insulation; P/T ports; and balancing valves. Installation took a day less than planned and commissioning was straightforward.
Distribution That Respects Water and Heat
Poorly insulated piping, oversize loops, and missing checks sabotage any “efficient” system. We stock pre‑insulated piping options, swing checks that actually seal at low flow, and union‑end valves that allow true serviceability. We’ll help lay out branch sizes and fixture groups that preserve pressure at low flow, supporting user comfort without overshooting pump size.
Hydronic-Safe Domestic Integration
Shared boilers require careful temperature control and hydraulic separation. We advise on primary/secondary layouts, low‑loss headers, and mixing to keep domestic priorities met without robbing heating performance. Condensing boilers from Navien or Rinnai hold high efficiency only if return temps stay low—we’ll show you how to achieve that with proper heat exchange and recirc settings.
Controls That Put Efficiency on Autopilot
Simple time clocks waste energy. Temperature-sensing recirc, learning controls, and demand‑based recirc strategies cut runtime dramatically. We’ll specify control logic and wiring notes, then back you up at startup with setpoint and sensor verification. Efficient is good—repeatable is better.
Result: integrated kits shorten install time and deliver predictable savings.
#4. Real‑Time Inventory and Same‑Day Shipping - Order Before 1 PM with Multi‑Warehouse Distribution and Get Materials Moving Now
A sustainable retrofit isn’t sustainable if crews idle for a week waiting on key parts. Real‑time visibility and fast logistics keep jobs on schedule and keep your clients off your back.
With PSAM’s real-time inventory, multi‑warehouse distribution, and same-day shipping on in‑stock orders placed before 1 PM, you’ll know what’s available and when it lands. We don’t guess—we show exact quantities and locations. Combine that with free shipping on $150+ orders and you can stage jobs cost‑effectively without running out of critical components like check stops, mixing cartridges, or pump flanges.
Mateo avoided a two‑day stall because PSAM shipped his entire hot water package that afternoon. The crew stayed productive, tenants saw improvements fast, and the property manager stayed happy.
Detailed Comparison: PSAM vs. SupplyHouse.com (Online‑Only)
Inventory and Availability: Online‑only retailers like SupplyHouse.com frequently list broad assortments, but a significant portion ships from third‑party distributors or distant warehouses, turning “in stock” into a 7–14 day fulfillment for specialty valves, recirc pumps, or brand‑specific cartridges. PSAM stocks core sustainability components in our own facilities and ships same day from the nearest warehouse. Rush a project? We move.
Quality and Expertise: SupplyHouse.com provides manufacturer PDFs; useful but generic. PSAM’s licensed professionals apply field knowledge—sizing a domestic return to maintain laminar flow at low GPM, selecting an ECM circulator that won’t short‑cycle at minimum loads, and verifying ASSE listings for inspection. We catch compatibility conflicts before they become returns.
Cost and Service Value: Add up lost labor hours, follow‑up trips, and delayed inspections and you’ll see the difference. PSAM’s fast shipping, confirmed stock, and technical backing reduce hidden costs—worth every penny.
Staging That Works for Real Projects
Split shipments kill productivity. We consolidate orders where practical, label boxes by area or riser, and call out any back‑order risks before you mobilize. Need job site delivery? We coordinate drop windows to match crew schedules, not ours.
Emergency Support When Systems Fail
When a domestic loop dies or a boiler throws a fault Friday afternoon, PSAM’s same‑day emergency processing keeps you in control. We ship what you need from the closest warehouse and provide install notes by phone to get you stable before the weekend.
Key point: visibility + velocity beat promises. PSAM delivers both.
#5. Contractor‑Grade Materials vs. Big Box Substitutes - Viega Press, Milwaukee Tools, and Durable Brass That Don’t Quit
Sustainability demands durability. Low‑flow fixtures and ECM pumps mean nothing if a budget fitting cracks, a cheap valve won’t seal, or a “universal” cartridge drifts temperature. The biggest hidden cost in “green” projects? Callbacks that erase savings.
PSAM’s contractor-grade quality starts with materials that last: Viega press systems that pass pressure tests the first time, Milwaukee Tools that don’t choke mid‑install, and low‑lead brass valves that resist dezincification under harsh municipal water. We stock assemblies built the way pros expect—full‑port isolation, service checks, union ends—because serviceability is part of sustainability.
Mateo’s third‑party “universal” mixing valve couldn’t hold 0.5 GPM blends. Our recommended ASSE‑listed unit maintained setpoint and passed inspection on the first visit. No more tepid showers, no more late‑night calls.
Detailed Comparison: PSAM vs. Home Depot (Big Box)
Inventory and Availability: Big box stores like Home Depot carry a handful of pro‑adjacent SKUs for convenience, but not the depth you need to match existing systems—especially in low‑flow retrofits. When you need a specific Viega press adapter, a recirc check with integral balancing, or a brand‑specific TMV cartridge, shelves are bare or stocked with consumer substitutes. PSAM maintains hundreds of press fittings, valve configurations, and pro‑grade cartridges in climate‑controlled stock.
Quality and Expertise: Consumer‑grade fittings and valves often use lighter alloys, thinner walls, or non‑serviceable designs. They install fine—until they don’t. PSAM’s contractor‑grade catalog is built around pressure cycling, real‑world water chemistry, and repeatable service. Our licensed support team talks Cv, minimum flow rates, and ASSE listings—not aisle numbers.
Cost and Service Value: A cheaper part that fails under low‑flow conditions costs you a return trip, a tenant complaint, and your reputation. PSAM’s pro‑grade solutions reduce lifetime cost—reliability that’s worth every penny.
Press, Thread, or Sweat—Matched to Your Job
Whether you’re pressing copper, threading steel, or sweating tradition, we help you pick a connection strategy that fits the building’s realities—fire watch, water availability, and timeline. And yes, we stock the tools, jaws, and consumables that keep your schedule intact.
Fixture Integrity at Low Flow
Not all aerators are equal. We stock pressure‑compensating models and laminar devices that hold pattern at 0.5 to 1.0 GPM. Pair them with compliant faucets and stable mixing to ensure comfort without waste. Sustainable and satisfying.
Moral: don’t bet your warranty on consumer shortcuts. Build with pro gear.
#6. Wholesale Pricing, Pro Accounts, and Predictable Savings - Volume Discounts, Free Shipping, and Real Project ROI
Sustainability wins when material quality and pricing align. PSAM’s wholesale pricing is available to both pros and capable homeowners, typically saving 20–40% over retail. Add free shipping on $150+ orders, and your landed cost improves without cutting corners.
Our pro account program layers in volume discounts, job site coordination, and dedicated account support. That means tighter estimates, fewer change orders, and stronger margins. For Mateo’s 46‑unit job, pro pricing and consolidated shipping trimmed $1,200 off material costs and eliminated two extra trips. His client’s water use dropped 32% month‑over‑month—documented on the next utility bill.
Detailed Comparison: PSAM vs. Ferguson (Traditional Supply House)
Inventory and Availability: Traditional houses like Ferguson run excellent regional networks, but access can hinge on contractor accounts, local branch stock, and minimums—tough for smaller firms or homeowners tackling serious upgrades. PSAM’s multi‑warehouse model shows national inventory in real time and ships from the nearest location—no guesswork, no regional bottlenecks.
Quality and Expertise: Ferguson stocks professional lines, but counter time and branch hours can limit research and ordering to their schedule. PSAM’s 24/7 online access lets you compare ASSE listings, pump curves, and valve Cv values after hours, then call our licensed support team for install specifics. From Bradford White high‑efficiency units to Taco ECM pumps, you’ll find contractor‑grade across categories.
Cost and Service Value: No account barriers, consistent pro pricing, and shipping that aligns with your timeline equal predictable job costing. Fewer trips and fewer delays translate to higher profit and less hassle—worth every penny.
Transparent Quotes and Submittals
We’ll build quotes by riser, by unit, or by floor—whatever helps you track budgets. Submittal packages ship with the order; no last‑minute scrambles looking for compliance proofs.
Job Site Delivery and Returns That Respect Your Time
We coordinate drops when crews are ready. If a spec changes, we process returns efficiently—packaging guidance and RMA support included. You install; we handle the back end.
The upshot: PSAM pricing supports doing it right once—and profiting from it.
#7. Sustainability ROI, Warranty, and Documentation - Water Audits, Verified Savings, and Full Manufacturer Warranties
Sustainability should be measurable. PSAM helps you quantify savings and protect results with documentation, warranties, and commissioning support that stick.
Start with a water and energy baseline. We’ll review fixture counts, flow rates, loop temperatures, and pump runtime assumptions. From there, we model expected savings using manufacturer data and real‑world adjustment factors. You get estimates you can present to owners and verifiable targets to hit during commissioning.
For Mateo’s project, projected savings were 28–34%. The first month delivered 32% water reduction and 18% drop in gas usage tied to lower recirc losses. His closeout included IOMs, ASSE listings, and warranty registrations—no gaps, no questions.
Full Manufacturer Warranties and Authentic Products
PSAM sells authentic, traceable units with full coverage. Serial numbers, model verification, and warranty support roll together so you’re not wrestling with gray-market headaches. If a part fails, we help you swap and document it properly.
Commissioning and Verification Without Guesswork
We support temperature setpoint verification, balancing valve positions, and recirc programming to ensure model‑to‑field alignment. When savings lag, we help you find pipe insulation gaps, check‑valve bleed‑through, or mis‑set controls.
Owner Turnover Packages That Build Trust
Deliver a binder—or a digital pack—with every IOM, warranty, and schematic marked as installed. Owners respect contractors who plan for the long term. You’ll get the next project because you finished this one like a pro.
Final thought: measurable savings and proper paperwork close the loop on sustainable work.
FAQ: Your Top Questions on Sustainable Sourcing at the Supply House
1) What’s the difference between a professional supply house and big box stores like Home Depot?
A professional supply house like PSAM stocks contractor‑grade systems across plumbing, HVAC equipment, and hydronic heating, along with the exact valves, fittings, and controls you need to integrate them. Big box stores focus on consumer‑grade and convenience, with limited depth in specialized components. For example, when you need an ASSE‑listed mixing valve matched to low‑flow showers, a specific Viega press adapter, or an ECM circulator with the right control mode, a big box typically can’t supply all of that—let alone the technical guidance. At PSAM, licensed support helps size pumps, select compliant fixtures, and assemble full system kits. Add real-time inventory, same-day shipping, and full warranties, and you’re minimizing downtime and callbacks. My recommendation: use retail for odds and ends, but source critical components through a professional house to protect your schedule, code compliance, and reputation.
2) Can homeowners buy from professional supply houses or are they contractor‑only?
Capable homeowners can buy from PSAM without a contractor license and still access wholesale pricing. That’s unusual; many traditional houses prioritize contractor accounts. We believe smart homeowners deserve access to the same reliable products pros install—especially for sustainable upgrades like WaterSense fixtures, heat pump water heaters, or improved recirculation. We also provide installation guides, compatibility charts, and phone support so your project stays on track. Ordering is 24/7 online with clear specs and documentation. For complex work—say mixing valve selection or recirc pump sizing—call us. We’ll talk you through product options and installation considerations. Bottom line: if you’re doing the job right, we’re in your corner with authentic, supported, contractor‑grade materials.
3) How does PSAM’s pricing compare to Home Depot, Ferguson, and online retailers?
PSAM typically saves 20–40% versus big box retail on equivalent contractor‑grade materials, with additional value from free shipping on $150+ orders and consolidated deliveries. Compared to Ferguson, our pricing is competitive without account barriers or branch minimums, and our 24/7 ordering streamlines procurement. Versus online‑only retailers, we combine sharp pricing with owned‑warehouse stock and same‑day processing—no hidden fulfillment delays. The real savings show up in reduced callbacks and project efficiency: proper sizing, correct accessories, and on‑time delivery. I always tell contractors: it’s not just the unit price; it’s total installed cost minus headaches. That’s where PSAM wins.
4) What makes contractor‑grade materials superior to consumer‑grade products?
Contractor‑grade components are built for continuous service, pressure cycling, mineralized water, and easy maintenance. Think thicker valve bodies, serviceable cartridges, full‑port isolation, and stable seals. In sustainable systems, low‑flow conditions can expose inferior internals—mixing valves that drift at 0.5 GPM, checks that leak at minimal pressure differential, or aerators that atomize and splash. PSAM curates proven brands— Bradford White, Taco, Grundfos, Viega, Milwaukee Tools—so your installations pass inspection and keep performing. Add the right commissioning steps and you protect the savings you promised the owner. The cheaper “universal” part costs more when you count the callback.
5) How can I verify I’m getting authentic products and not counterfeits?
Look for verifiable model numbers, scannable serials, factory packaging, and warranty support direct from the manufacturer. PSAM sources straight from authorized channels; we register warranties when available and provide documents on request. Counterfeits frequently surface on auction sites or marketplaces where third‑party sellers mix inventory quality. supply house Even minor discrepancies—wrong O‑ring materials, off‑spec cartridges—can cause performance failures at low flow. If authenticity is in doubt, we’ll help you verify with the manufacturer. My rule: if a price seems impossible, it comes with a risk. Buy from a house that stands behind the box and the brand.
6) Do professional supply houses carry better brands than big box stores?
Yes. Professional houses like PSAM focus on brands designed for long service life and field serviceability: Bradford White for durable heaters, Taco and Grundfos for reliable pumps, Viega and ProPress for leak‑free connections, Navien/ Rinnai for efficient hot water and boilers. Big box stores tend toward consumer‑focused lines with limited SKUs. On a sustainability retrofit—particularly low‑flow domestic hot water—brand choice directly affects comfort and savings. With PSAM, you get both the right brands and the support to integrate them correctly.
7) What kind of technical support can I expect from a professional supply house?
At PSAM, calls are answered by licensed tradespeople who’ve installed the gear. We size expansion tanks, select ASSE 1017/1070 mixers, match ECM circulators to loop lengths and head loss, and review control strategies for recirc. Expect diagrams, spec clarifications, and install best practices. We’ll even help troubleshoot temperature drift, pump short‑cycling, or crossflow after startup. That’s a world apart from retail counters where guidance may be limited to product labels. My commitment: we support you through commissioning, not just checkout.
8) How quickly can I get parts compared to ordering online or visiting retail stores?
With real-time inventory and same-day shipping from our multi‑warehouse network, PSAM gets in‑stock orders moving the same day when placed before 1 PM. Many online‑only retailers ship from third parties or remote hubs—expect 7–14 days for specialty valves or brand‑specific cartridges. Big box stores have immediate pickup for common items but limited depth when you need specific professional parts. For emergency replacements or fast‑track jobs, PSAM’s logistics and owned inventory keep your crew working instead of waiting.
9) Do I need a contractor license or special account to buy from PSAM?
No license is required to purchase. Pros and homeowners can both order at wholesale pricing. Setting up a pro account unlocks volume discounts, job site coordination, saved carts by project, and dedicated account management—useful for multi‑unit upgrades or ongoing maintenance programs. If you’re a homeowner tackling a serious retrofit, you still get the same authentic products and support the pros use.
10) What are the benefits of setting up a pro account vs. Ordering as needed?
Pro accounts centralize your procurement: custom price tiers, volume discounts, purchase history for repeat specs, and consolidated invoicing. We coordinate deliveries to match your schedule and even break down orders by area or riser. For sustainability work, where consistent SKUs and documentation matter, a pro account prevents spec drift and keeps submittals consistent across phases. You’ll also have a dedicated contact who knows your preferences and project timelines.
11) How can a supply house help me avoid buying wrong parts or incompatible components?
Compatibility issues—valves that won’t hold temp at low flow, pumps that can’t overcome head, or fittings that don’t match existing systems—are the leading cause of wasted trips and callbacks. PSAM reviews your system context: fixture counts, loop layout, design temperatures, and control strategy. We then recommend matched components (mixers with proper Cv, ECM circulators with the right control mode, and fittings that match your piping method). Our goal is a cart that represents a complete solution, not a hope that parts will cooperate later.
12) What should I look for when choosing between multiple supply house options?
Evaluate depth of inventory (not just catalog breadth), proof of stock with real-time inventory, access to technical support from licensed staff, clear shipping commitments ( same-day shipping where possible), brand authenticity, and robust documentation. Price matters, but total cost includes shipping delays, compatibility errors, and callbacks. Visit the website at night—can you build a compliant system cart and see stock in minutes? Call tech support—do they speak ASSE, Cv, and pump curves or just part numbers? If you want reliable sustainability outcomes, choose the partner that stands behind both the box and the install. That’s PSAM.
Sustainable work is precise work. The right low‑flow fixtures, properly sized ECM circulators, compliant mixing strategies, and authentic, pro‑grade materials turn water and energy savings into measurable ROI. PSAM ties those pieces together with deep inventory, licensed guidance, and shipping you can set your watch by. That’s how Mateo Krzyzanowski wrapped a 46‑unit upgrade on time, cut water use by a third, and eliminated nuisance temperature complaints—no callbacks, no guesswork.
If you’re planning a retrofit, chasing LEED credits, or simply ready to stop bleeding water and BTUs, make PSAM your first call. We stock the right parts, answer the hard questions, and get your order out the door the same day. Sustainable, reliable, and worth every penny.